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  2. Content type: Review

    Comparative genomics has become a real tantalizing challenge in the postgenomic era. This fact has been mostly magnified by the plethora of new genomes becoming available in a daily bases. The overwhelming lis...

    Authors: Jennifer Commins, Christina Toft and Mario A Fares

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:52

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  3. Content type: Research

    The dissociation of adherent mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) monolayers with trypsin and enzyme-free dissociation buffer was compared. A significantly lower proportion of viable cells were obtained with enzyme-fre...

    Authors: Boon C Heng, Catherine M Cowan and Shubhayu Basu

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:161

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  4. Content type: Methodology

    Quantization of gene expression requires that an accurate measurement of a specific transcript is made. In this paper, a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by competition for...

    Authors: Alina Rodríguez-Mallon, Yamilet Cárdenas, Juana María Lugo, Aymé Oliva, Antonio Morales and Mario Pablo Estrada

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:79

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  5. Content type: Research

    As many as 50% of adults with type I (T1) diabetes exhibit bone loss and are at increased risk for fractures. Therapeutic development to prevent bone loss and/or restore lost bone in T1 diabetic patients requi...

    Authors: Katherine Motyl and Laura R McCabe

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:296

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  6. Content type: Methodology

    Homogeneity of cell populations is a prerequisite for the analysis of biochemical and molecular events during male gamete differentiation. Given the complex organization of the mammalian testicular tissue, var...

    Authors: Rosana Rodríguez-Casuriaga, Adriana Geisinger, Beatriz López-Carro, Valentina Porro, Rodolfo Wettstein and Gustavo A Folle

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:184

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  7. Content type: OriginalPaper

    The present study describes a protocol to generate heterogenous populations of neurotransmitter-producing neurons from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are bone marrow (BM)-derived cells which undergo...

    Authors: Steven J. Greco, Chunyi Zhou, Jiang-Hong Ye and Pranela Rameshwar

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2008 10:101000090

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  9. Content type: OriginalPaper

    The early chick embryo contains subpopulations of cells that express lineage-specific transcription factors. We have developed protocols to examine the role of these cells during development that involve label...

    Authors: Jacquelyn Gerhart, Christine Neely, Jessica Pfautz and Mindy George-Weinstein

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2008 10:101000074

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  10. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Gene families are widely used in comparative genomics, molecular evolution, and in systematics. However, they are constructed in different manners, their data analyzed and interpreted differently, with differe...

    Authors: David A. Liberles and Katharina Dittmar

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2008 10:101066

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  12. Content type: OriginalPaper

    DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is the enzyme responsible for the maintenance of DNA methylation patterns during cell division. DNMT1 expression is tightly regulated within the cell cycle. Our previous study s...

    Authors: Alexander Unterberger, Jérôme Torrisani and Moshe Szyf

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2008 10:101047

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  13. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Acetyl phosphate (acetyl-P) serves critical roles in coenzyme A recycling and ATP synthesis. It is the intermediate of the Pta-AckA pathway that inter-converts acetyl-coenzyme A and acetate. Acetyl-P also can ...

    Authors: David H. Keating, Ana Shulla, Adam H. Klein and Alan J. Wolfe

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2008 10:101036

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  14. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Calcitriol (1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) induces the expression of CD14 in mononuclear phagocytes. The mechanisms accounting for this have been unclear since the promoter of CD14 does not contain a canonical vitam...

    Authors: Alireza Moeenrezakhanlou, Devki Nandan and Neil E. Reiner

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2008 10:101029

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  18. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Understanding mechanisms of gene regulation has broad therapeutic implications for human disease. Here we describe a novel method for generating human cell lines that serve as reporters of transcriptional acti...

    Authors: Sandra L. Fernandez, David W. Russell and Peter J. Hurlin

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2007 9:91084

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  19. Content type: OriginalPaper

    B cell subpopulations in the spleen have been extensively characterized phenotypically; however, biochemical properties of these cell populations following B cell antigen receptor engagement have not been full...

    Authors: Pierre Antony, Kristen Hoek, Bhaskarjyoti Sarmah and Wasif N. Khan

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2007 9:91073

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  20. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Recent advances in redox proteomics have provided significant insight into the role of oxidative modifications in cellular signalling and metabolism. At present, these techniques rely heavily on Western blots ...

    Authors: H. Fai Poon, Laila Abdullah, Jon Reed, Sarah M. Doore, Cyndi Laird, Venkat Mathura, Michael Mullan and Fiona Crawford

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2007 9:91065

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  21. Content type: OriginalPaper

    In adults, hematopoiesis occurs in bone marrow (BM) through a complex process with differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to immune and blood cells. Human HSCs and their progenitors express CD34. M...

    Authors: Nitixa Patel, Marianne Castillo and Pranela Rameshwar

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2007 9:91056

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  22. Content type: OriginalPaper

    We have developed and validated a consolidated bead-based genotyping platform, the Bioplex suspension array for simultaneous detection of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ATP-binding cass...

    Authors: Seok Hwee Koo, Tan Ching Ong, Kok Ting Chong, Caroline Guat Lay Lee, Fook Tim Chew and Edmund Jon Deoon Lee

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2007 9:91027

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  23. Content type: OriginalPaper

    We developed a rapid mutagenesis method based on a modification of the QuikChange® system (Stratagene) to systemically replace endogenous gene sequences with a unique similar size sequence tag. The modificatio...

    Authors: Qiwen Deng, Wensheng Luo and Michael S. Donnenberg

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2007 9:91018

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  24. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Suppression of gene expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) has proved to be a gene-specific and cost effective alternative to other gene suppression technologies. Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) generated fro...

    Authors: Hailong Wu, Anh Dinh and Yin-Yuan Mo

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2007 9:91009

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  25. Content type: OriginalPaper

    We have developed a system to visualize functionally activated neurons and their projections in the brain. This system utilizes a transgenic mouse, fos-tau-lacZ (FTL), which expresses the marker gene, lacZ, in ne...

    Authors: Mark Murphy, Ursula Greferath and Yvette M. Wilson

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2007 9:91001

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  26. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Teleost gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) consists of leucocyte populations located both intraepithelially and in the lamina propria with no structural organization. The present study aims to assess differ...

    Authors: Irene Salinas, José Meseguer and Maria Ángeles Esteban

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2007 9:43

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  27. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Microbes frequently live within multicellular, solid surface-attached assemblages termed biofilms. These microbial communities have architectural features that contribute to population heterogeneity and conseq...

    Authors: Joe J. Harrison, Howard Ceri, Jerome Yerly, Carol A. Stremick, Yaoping Hu, Robert Martinuzzi and Raymond J. Turner

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2006 8:81194

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  28. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a commonly used validation tool for confirming gene expression results obtained from microarray analysis; however, microarray and qPCR data often result in disagreement. Th...

    Authors: Jeanine S. Morey, James C. Ryan and Frances M. Van Dolah

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2006 8:81175

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  30. Content type: OriginalPaper

    This paper was originally published in Biological Procedures Online (BPO) on March 23, 2006. It was brought to the attention of the journal and authors that reference 74 was incorrect. The original citation for r...

    Authors: M. B. I. Reaz, M. S. Hussain and F. Mohd-Yasin

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2006 8:81163

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  31. Content type: OriginalPaper

    In this work we describe protocols for the generation of gene deletions and gene replacements using a temperature sensitive plasmid in Escherichia coli O157:H7. This technology requires flanking DNA to be cloned ...

    Authors: James R. Emmerson, David L. Gally and Andrew J. Roe

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2006 8:81153

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  32. Content type: OriginalPaper

    The purpose of this manuscript is to discuss fluorogenic real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) inhibition and to introduce/define a novel Microsoft Excel-based file system which provides a wa...

    Authors: Jack M. Gallup and Mark R. Ackermann

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2006 8:81087

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  35. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Live cell fluorescence microscopy using fluorescent protein tags derived from jellyfish and coral species has been a successful tool to image proteins and dynamics in many species. Multi-colored aequorea fluoresc...

    Authors: Jianrun Xia, Song Hon H. Kim, Susan Macmillan and Ray Truant

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2006 8:81063

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  36. Content type: OriginalPaper

    The application of naked DNA containing type I interferon (IFN) transgenes is a promising potential therapeutic approach for controlling chronic viral infections. Herein, we detail the application of this appr...

    Authors: Bobbie Ann Austin, Cassandra M. James, Peter Härle and Daniel J. J. Carr

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2006 8:81055

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  37. Content type: OriginalPaper

    The Chromatin Immunoprecipiation (ChIP) provides a powerful technique for identifying the in vivo association of transcription factors with regulatory elements. However, obtaining meaningful information for promo...

    Authors: Rebecca L. Dryer and Lori R. Covey

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2006 8:81044

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  38. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Microtubule inhibitors such as Vinblastine and Paclitaxel are chemotherapy agents that activate the mitotic spindle checkpoint, arresting cells in mitosis and leading to cell death. The pathways that connect m...

    Authors: Hiroshi Y. Yamada and Gary J. Gorbsky

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2006 8:81036

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  41. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Efficient protein folding and quality control are essential for unperturbed cell viability. Defects in these processes may lead to production of aberrant polypeptides that are either degraded leading to “loss-...

    Authors: Tatiana Soldà, Silvia Olivari and Maurizio Molinari

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2005 7:710136

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  42. Content type: OriginalPaper

    We have developed a simple and effective method (Lig-PCR) for monitoring ligation reactions using PCR and primers that are common to many cloning vectors. Ligation mixtures can directly be used as templates an...

    Authors: Prafulla K. Chandra and Stephen K. Wikel

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2005 7:710093

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  43. Content type: OriginalPaper

    We describe a new approach for reliably isolating one-step real-time quantitative RT-PCR-quality RNA from laser captured cells retrieved from frozen sections previously subjected to immunofluorescent immunohis...

    Authors: Jack M. Gallup, Kenji Kawashima, Ginger Lucero and Mark R. Ackermann

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2005 7:710070

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  44. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Mature osteoclasts, multinucleated giant cells responsible for bone resorption, are terminally differentiated cells with a short life span. Recently, we have demonstrated that osteoclast apoptosis is regulated...

    Authors: Toru Akiyama, Tsuyoshi Miyazaki, Phillippe Bouillet, Kozo Nakamura, Andreas Strasser and Sakae Tanaka

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2005 7:710048

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  45. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Angiogenesis is a complex process involving an ECM and vascular endothelial cells (EC), and is regulated by various angiogenic factors including VEGF. The ability to form a capillary/tube-like network is a spe...

    Authors: Motomu Watanabe, Yayoi Fujioka-Kaneko, Hisayuki Kobayashi, Mamoru Kiniwa, Michihiko Kuwano and Yuji Basaki

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2005 7:710041

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  46. Content type: OriginalPaper

    We describe an improved, efficient and reliable method for the vapour-phase silanization of multi-barreled, ion-selective microelectrodes of which the silanized barrel(s) are to be filled with neutral liquid i...

    Authors: Jason S. T. Deveau, Michael I. Lindinger and Bernard Grodzinski

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2005 7:710031

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  47. Content type: OriginalPaper

    Cell culturing, and the requisite storage of cell lines at ultra-low temperatures, is used in most laboratories studying or using eukaryotic proteomics, genomics, microarray, and RNA technologies. In this stud...

    Authors: Joe Corsini and Ethan Mann

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2005 7:710026

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  48. Content type: OriginalPaper

    To assess the role of sortilin in the sorting and trafficking of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) the function of sortilin was abolished by a dominant-negative mutant and by the use of RNAi. Mutant sorti...

    Authors: Stephane Lefrancois, Maryssa Canuel, Jibin Zeng and Carlos R. Morales

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2005 7:710017

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  49. Content type: OriginalPaper

    To date, breast cancer (BC) research is mainly studied with cell lines. These cells were passaged multiple times, acquiring phenotypes, additional mutations and epigenetic changes. These changes make the passa...

    Authors: Kelly E. Corcoran, Prem S. Patel and Pranela Rameshwar

    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2005 7:710008

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