Fig. 8

Effect of R1 DR2577 mutant strain (ΔDR2577) MVs isolated from ΔDR2577 (ΔDR2577 R1-MVs) against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. HaCaT cells were pre-processed with R1-MVs (30 μg/mL) or ΔDR2577 R1-MVs (30 μg/mL) for 12 h prior to exposure to H₂O₂ (0.3 mM) for 12 h. A Protective effect of MVs (R1 and ΔDR2577) against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells assessed using annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining (PI⁺ cells, necrosis; AnnexinV⁺PI⁺ cells, late apoptosis; AnnexinV⁺ cells, early apoptosis). B Mitochondrial ROS scavenging effect of MVs (R1 and ΔDR2577) assessed using the Mitosox™ fluorescence probe in H₂O₂ exposed to HaCaT cells. ^###p < 0.001 vs. control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, or ***p < 0.001 vs. H₂O₂-treated group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, or ***p < 0.001 vs. H₂O₂/ΔDR2577 R1-MVs-treated group. The values show the mean ± SD (n = 4 samples) of three representative experiments