Fig. 1

Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles (R1-MVs) derived from Deinococcus radiodurans. A Size distribution of R1-MVs determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. B Morphology of R1-MVs visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scale bar = 500 nm. C Visualization of R1-MVs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Scale bar = 200 nm. D and E The antioxidant activity of R1-MVs analyzed using (D) DPPH and (E) FRAP assays