Table 1 Summaries of the experimental models for tail edema formation. Historically, simple surgical stripping with ligation of lymphatic vesicle yielded not only experimental edema but frequent infection and necrosis (A). Ablation by electric knife mediated operation improved the efficiency of operation but often damaged the nearby tissues (B). Formation of edema by simple invasion of lymphatic vesicle frequently damaged operated site and the nearby dermis. Modification of the surgical procedures with various experimental non-transparent sheets or collagen have been performed (C). Transparent sheet insertion of the operated area allows visual inspection reducing the post-surgical side effects (D).
