Table 3 Therapeutic gene vaccines for CRC

MYB

DNA

The vaccine contains a gene cassette of a hybrid with tetanus toxin gene sided an MYB gene which was inactivated.

Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre

Safe, MYB transcription factor is highly pressed in epithelial cancers cell

[124]

pcDNA-hNIS

DNA

IgG antibody titers were significantly increased

under investigation in clinical trials

displayed encouraging antitumor effects

[125]

pVAX1-HER2

DNA

in 11.4% of colorectal adenocarcinomas, HER2 protein expressed

under investigation in clinical trials

colorectal adenocarcinomas Patients found better condition

[126]

CpVR-MS and CpDV-IL2-MS

DNA

CCL-19 and GM-CSF upregulated.

- A CpG and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was used as adjuvants.

under investigation in clinical trials

In mice 69.1% of colorectal carcinoma-bearing was suppressed

[127]

pCEA/HBsAg

DNA

Promoting a promising immune system

under investigation in clinical trials

No detectable CEA- antibodies was seen in patients

[120]

CEA66 DNA

DNA

Stimulation of Cellular and humeral response against CEA

under investigation in clinical trials

75% of showed detectable CEA immune responses.

[128]

NCI 4650 (mRNA 4650)

RNA

Immunostimulants

Moderna Therapeutics

safe and induce CD8 and CD4 T cell responses

[129]

RO7198457 (RG 6180)

RNA

Immunostimulants

BioNTech

Safe and neoantigen-specific immune responses

[130]

mRNA 4157

RNA

m-RNA 4157

Indoctrination for peptides containing exclusive mutations (i.e., neoantigen) present in each patient’s specific tumor.

Moderna’s /Merck

Safe, well tolerated and T cell responses

[131]

DC-CEA

RNA

tumor antigen-encoding mRNA was transfected to autologous dendritic cells

Moderna

immunogenicity was tolerated suitable

[132]

V 941 (mRNA 5671)

RNA

This vaccine contains epitopes for KRAS mutations (G12D, G12V, G13D, and G12C

T cell immune responses.

Moderna

The findings are keenly predictable.

[133]