Table 2 Major TAA in colorectal cancer

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Increased expression of CEA is associated with adenoma carcinoma mainly CRC

[19, 20]

Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1)

Overexpression of WT1 gene plays a role in tumorigenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

[17]

melanoma associated antigen (MAGE)

only expressed in cancer cells and testis including CRC

MAGE-A4 induces an [21] immune response of CD4+ and CD8+

[22]

mucin 1 (MUC1)

Plays roles in self-renewal proliferation and self-renewal, drug-resistance, and anti-apoptosis and also invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer stem cells

[23]

ring finger protein 43 (RNF43)

CTL-inducing peptide

[24,25,26]

outer mitochondrial membrane (TOMM34)

Combined chemotherapy of a RNF43 and TOMM34 peptide showed considerable result in a phase II study.

[27, 28]