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  1. Rapid and simultaneous splicing of multiple DNA fragments is frequently required in many recombinant DNA projects. However, former overlap extension PCRs, the most common methods for splicing DNA fragments, ar...

    Authors: Wei-Gui Luo, Hui-Zhen Liu, Wan-Huang Lin, Mohammed Humayun Kabir and Yi Su
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2013 15:9
  2. Inflammatory arthritis is a chronic disease, resulting in synovitis and subchondral and bone area destruction, which can severely affect a patient’s quality of life. The most common form of inflammatory arthri...

    Authors: Shu Yang, Anne M Hollister, Elysse A Orchard, Shubnum I Chaudhery, Dmitry V Ostanin, Stephen J Lokitz and J Michael Mathis
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2013 15:8
  3. The library size is critical for selection in evolutionary molecular engineering (directed evolution). Although cDNA display has become a promising in vitro display technology by overcoming the instability of mRN...

    Authors: Yuki Mochizuki, Shigefumi Kumachi, Koichi Nishigaki and Naoto Nemoto
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2013 15:7
  4. The reliability of estimating muscle fiber cross-sectional area (measure of muscle fiber size) and fiber number from only a subset of fibers in rat hindlimb muscle cross-sections has not been systematically ev...

    Authors: Lisa Ceglia, Sathit Niramitmahapanya, Lori L Price, Susan S Harris, Roger A Fielding and Bess Dawson-Hughes
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2013 15:6
  5. Specific applications and modern technologies, like non-invasive prenatal testing, non-invasive cancer diagnostic and next generation sequencing, are currently in the focus of researchers worldwide. These have...

    Authors: Tatiana Sedlackova, Gabriela Repiska, Peter Celec, Tomas Szemes and Gabriel Minarik
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2013 15:5
  6. TALEs (transcription activator-like effectors) are powerful molecules that have broad applications in genetic and epigenetic manipulations. The simple design of TALEs, coupled with high binding predictability ...

    Authors: Claudia Uhde-Stone, Nilang Gor, Tiffany Chin, Joseph Huang and Biao Lu
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2013 15:3
  7. With the prompt developments of regenerative medicine, the potential clinical applications of human embryonic stem cells have attracted intense attention. However, the labor-intensive and complex manual cell s...

    Authors: Chi-Shuo Chen, Matthew Biasca, Catherine Le, Eric Y-T Chen, E Daniel Hirleman and Wei-Chun Chin
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2013 15:2
  8. To explore a new method of kidney biopsy with coaxial trocar and bard biopsy gun under low dose computed tomography (CT)-guidance and evaluate its accuracy, safety, and efficacy.

    Authors: Xiao-ling Pi, Zhen Tang, Li-qian Fu, Mei-hua Guo, Mei-hua Shi, Lan Chen and Zheng-ying Wan
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2013 15:1
  9. Ageing male DBA/1 mice spontaneously develop arthritis in the hind paws. We and others have demonstrated that this model shares striking features with human spondyloarthritis, in particular entheseal involveme...

    Authors: Kirsten Braem, Shea Carter and Rik J Lories
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2012 14:10
  10. This protocol outlines and evaluates a modified scanning procedure for a customized spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging apparatus within the wild-type C57Bl/6 mouse posterior segment....

    Authors: Lee R Ferguson, Sankarathi Balaiya, Sandeep Grover and Kakarla V Chalam
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2012 14:9
  11. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are a class of naturally occurring transcription effectors that recognize specific DNA sequences and modulate gene expression. The modularity of TALEs DNA binding...

    Authors: Claudia Uhde-Stone, Joseph Huang and Biao Lu
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2012 14:8
  12. Adipose stem cells have a strong potential for use in cell-based therapy, but the current nucleofection technique, which relies on unknown buffers, prevents their use.

    Authors: Michael Flanagan, Jeffrey M Gimble, Gang Yu, Xueqing Xia, Bruce A Bunnell and Shulin Li
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2012 14:7
  13. Tumor cell lines that can be tracked in vivo during tumorigenesis and metastasis provide vital tools for studying the specific cellular mechanisms that mediate these processes as well as investigating therapeutic...

    Authors: Celeste Bolin, Caleb Sutherland, Ken Tawara, Jim Moselhy and Cheryl L Jorcyk
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2012 14:6
  14. PTEN is an important tumour suppressor gene that is mutated in Cowden syndrome as well as various sporadic cancers. CpG island hypermethylation is another route to tumour suppressor gene inactivation, however, th...

    Authors: Luke B Hesson, Deborah Packham, Emily Pontzer, Pauline Funchain, Charis Eng and Robyn L Ward
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2012 14:5
  15. Traditional analyses of calcium homeostasis have separately quantified either calcium accumulation or release mechanisms. To define the system as a whole, however, requires multiple experimental techniques to ...

    Authors: David C McMullen, William S Kean, Ajay Verma, Jeffrey T Cole and William D Watson
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2012 14:4
  16. Quantifying tetrodotoxin (TTX) has been a challenge in both ecological and medical research due to the cost, time and training required of most quantification techniques. Here we present a modified Competitive...

    Authors: Amber N Stokes, Becky L Williams and Susannah S French
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2012 14:3
  17. It is widely understood that tumor cells express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), of which many are usually in low immunogenicity; for example, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is specifically expressed on huma...

    Authors: Chen-Si Lin, Shih-Han Kao, Yu-Cheng Chen, Chi-Han Li, Yuan-Ting Hsieh, Shang-Chih Yang, Chang-Jer Wu, Ru-Ping Lee and Kuang-Wen Liao
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2012 14:2
  18. In the preparation of transgenic murine ES cells it is important to verify the construct has a single insertion, because an ectopic neomycin phosphortransferase positive selection cassette (NEO) may cause a posit...

    Authors: Cecilia Mancini, Erika Messana, Emilia Turco, Alessandro Brussino and Alfredo Brusco
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2011 13:10
  19. A cell-counting algorithm, developed in Matlab®, was created to efficiently count migrated fluorescently-stained cells on membranes from migration assays. At each concentration of cells used (10,000, and 100,000 ...

    Authors: Baraa K Al-Khazraji, Philip J Medeiros, Nicole M Novielli and Dwayne N Jackson
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2011 13:9
  20. We describe here a method to rapidly convert any desirable DNA fragment, as small as 100 bp, into long tandem DNA arrays up to 140 kb in size that are inserted into a microbe vector. This method includes r olling...

    Authors: Vladimir N Noskov, Nicholas CO Lee, Vladimir Larionov and Natalay Kouprina
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2011 13:8
  21. Although yeast two-hybrid experiments are commonly used to identify protein interactions, the frequent occurrence of false negatives and false positives hampers data interpretation. Using both yeast one-hybrid...

    Authors: Ying Liu, Zabeena Merchant, Hao-Ching Hsiao, Kim L Gonzalez, Kathleen S Matthews and Sarah E Bondos
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2011 13:6
  22. DNA isolation from C. neoformans is difficult due to a thick and resistant capsule. We have optimized a new and rapid DNA isolation method for Cryptococcus using a short urea treatment followed by a rapid method ...

    Authors: Fatma Mseddi, Mohammed Ali Jarboui, Amira Sellami, Hayet Sellami and Ali Ayadi
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2011 13:5
  23. We describe a simple and reproducible method to measure absolute telomere length (aTL) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This method is based on the Cawthon method for relative mea...

    Authors: Nathan J O'Callaghan and Michael Fenech
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2011 13:3
  24. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is a “gold” standard for measuring steady state mRNA levels in RNA interference assays. The knockdown of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene with eight indi...

    Authors: Gang Chen, Peter Kronenberger, Erik Teugels and Jacques De Grève
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 17:9034
  25. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is a "gold" standard for measuring steady state mRNA levels in RNA interference assays. The knockdown of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene with eight indi...

    Authors: Gang Chen, Peter Kronenberger, Erik Teugels and Jacques De Grève
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 13:1
  26. NF-κB regulates several important expressions, such as cytokine release, anti-apoptosis, adhesion molecule expression, and cell cycle processing. Several NF-κB inhibitors have been discovered as an anti-tumor ...

    Authors: Yu-Ling Lin, Yen-Shun Chen, Jui-Hung Hsieh, Ching-Min Lin, Hsin-Yi Wu, Chen-Si Lin, Rea-Min Chu, Kuang-Wen Liao and Yuan-Hsun Hsu
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 12:131
  27. The use of architectural and morphological characteristics of cells for establishing prognostic indicators by which individual pathologies are assigned grade and stage is a well-accepted practice. Advances in ...

    Authors: John N McGinley, Matthew D Thompson and Henry J Thompson
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 12:118
  28. There are several traditional and well-developed methods for analyzing the activity of transcription factors, such as EMSA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reporter gene activity assays. All of these me...

    Authors: Yu-Ling Lin, Yun-Ju Lai, Nu-Man Tsai, Tai-Chu Peng, Yen-Ku Liu, Ru-Ping Lee, Chueh-Jen Tsai and Kuang-Wen Liao
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 12:18
  29. Development of antimitotic binding to the colchicine-binding site for the treatment of cancer is rapidly expanding. Numerous antimicrotubule agents are prepared every year, and the determination of their bindi...

    Authors: Sébastien Fortin, Jacques Lacroix, Marie-France Côté, Emmanuel Moreau, Éric Petitclerc and René C-Gaudreault
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 12:113
  30. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) is a potent immunomodulatory enzyme that has recently attracted significant attention for its potential application as an inducer of immunotolerance in transplantation. We hav...

    Authors: Alireza Moeen Rezakhanlou, Darya Habibi, Amy Lai, Reza B Jalili, Christopher J Ong and Aziz Ghahary
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 12:107
  31. Northern blot hybridization is a useful tool for analyzing transcript patterns. To get a picture of what really occurs in vivo, it is necessary to use a protocol allowing full protection of the RNA integrity a...

    Authors: Marcello Tagliavia, Anna Taravella, Sandra Marineo, Anna Maria Puglia and Mario La Farina
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 12:27
  32. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) enables collection of cell populations highly enriched for specific cell types that have the potential of yielding critical information about physiological and pathophysiolo...

    Authors: John N McGinley, Zongjian Zhu, Weiqin Jiang and Henry J Thompson
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 12:31
  33. The aim of this study was to compare different cell sources and culture conditions to obtain endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) with predictable antigen pattern, proliferation potential and in vitro vasculoge...

    Authors: Claudio Muscari, Chiara Gamberini, Ilaria Basile, Francesca Bonafé, Simond Valgimigli, Ombretta Capitani, Carlo Guarnieri and Claudio Marcello Caldarera
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2010 12:89
  34. The intention of this review is to provide an overview of current methodologies employed in the rapidly developing field of ocular proteomics with emphasis on sample preparation, two-dimensional polyacrylamide...

    Authors: Nakul Mandal, Steffen Heegaard, Jan Ulrik Prause, Bent Honoré and Henrik Vorum
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 12:56
  35. Subtraction technique has been broadly applied for target gene discovery. However, most current protocols apply relative differential subtraction and result in great amount clone mixtures of unique and differe...

    Authors: Ning Wu, Kanyand Matand and Sonya Williams
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 12:44
  36. Analgesic and anesthetic drugs may have an impact on the results achieved from animal experiments. In the study presented here, we try to enlighten whether anesthesia with fentanyl/fluniasone and midazolam (Hy...

    Authors: Anita Gothelf, Pernille Hojman and Julie Gehl
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:325
  37. Rottlerin is a natural product isolated from Mallotus philippinensis. This polyphenolic compound, originally described as a selective inhibitor of PKCδ, can inhibit many other PKC-unrelated kinases and has a numb...

    Authors: Emanuela Maioli, Claudia Torricelli, Vittoria Fortino, Filippo Carlucci, Valentina Tommassini and Adriana Pacini
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:227
  38. Pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete hormones that are vital to the regulation of blood glucose and are, therefore, a key focus of diabetes research. Purifying viable and functional islets from the pancreas...

    Authors: Jeffrey D Carter, Stacey B Dula, Kathryn L Corbin, Runpei Wu and Craig S Nunemaker
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:3
  39. The plasticity of differentiated adult cells could have a great therapeutic potential, but at the same time, it is characteristic of progression of serious pathological states such as cancer and fibrosis. In t...

    Authors: Andrea Staršíchová, Lukáš Kubala, Eva Lincová, Zuzana Pernicová, Alois Kozubík and Karel Souček
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:316
  40. MicroRNAs are positive and negative regulators of eukaryotic gene expression that modulate transcript abundance by specific binding to sequence motifs located prevalently in the 3' untranslated regions of targ...

    Authors: Fredy Siegrist, Thomas Singer and Ulrich Certa
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:113
  41. In the image segmentation process of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, previous works used information in CT only for segmenting the image without utilizing the i...

    Authors: Iman Avazpour, M Iqbal Saripan, Abdul Jalil Nordin and Rajaa Syamsul Azmir Iman Abdullah
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:241
  42. Mesenchymal-epithelial signaling is essential for the development of many organs and is often disrupted in disease. In this study, we demonstrate the use of lentiviral-mediated transgene delivery as an effecti...

    Authors: Adria D Dismuke, Aimee D Kohn, Randall T Moon and Melissa H Wong
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2009 11:130

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