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  1. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a universal heterogeneous disease that is characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and cancer vaccines are substitute stra...

    Authors: Ali Azadi, Alireza Golchini, Sina Delazar, Fatemeh Abarghooi Kahaki, Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi, Zahra Payandeh and Shirin Eyvazi
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:13
  2. Expression of stemness factors, such as octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in human deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cells ...

    Authors: Emi Inada, Issei Saitoh, Naoko Kubota, Yoko Iwase, Yuki Kiyokawa, Hirofumi Noguchi, Youichi Yamasaki and Masahiro Sato
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:12
  3. Although retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is most frequently studied in mouse models, rats, rabbits, and pigs are also used as animal models of RP. However, no studies have reported postnatal photoreceptor cell loss ...

    Authors: Chisato Inoue, Tamaki Takeuchi, Akira Shiota, Mineo Kondo and Yuji Nshizawa
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:11
  4. We investigated nasopharyngeal microbial community structure in COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed significant microbial community str...

    Authors: Phillip A. Engen, Ankur Naqib, Cheryl Jennings, Stefan J. Green, Alan Landay, Ali Keshavarzian and Robin M. Voigt
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:10
  5. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Wonyoung Kang, Leigh Maher, Michael Michaud, Seong-Woo Bae, Seongyeong Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Seock-Ah Im, Han-Kwang Yang and Charles Lee
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:9

    The original article was published in Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:1

  6. Insufficient insulin secretion is a key component of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Since insulin is released by the islets of Langerhans, obtaining viable and functional islets is critical for research and ...

    Authors: Kathryn L. Corbin, Hannah L. West, Samantha Brodsky, Nicholas B. Whitticar, William J. Koch and Craig S. Nunemaker
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:7
  7. The proteostasis network includes all the factors that control the function of proteins in their native state and minimize their non-functional or harmful reactions. The molecular chaperones, the important med...

    Authors: Fateme Khomari, Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi, Sahar Yarahmadi, Hanie Eskandari and Elham Bahreini
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:8
  8. In the present study, two distinct PCR methods were used for the quantification of genetic material and their results were compared: real-time-PCR (qPCR; relative quantification) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR...

    Authors: Kevin Kuhlmann, Melanie Cieselski and Julia Schumann
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:6
  9. COVID-19, a pandemic of the 21st century caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was originated from China and shallowed world economy and human resource. The medical cures via herbal treatments, antiviral drug...

    Authors: Jyoti Choudhary, Shrivardhan Dheeman, Vipin Sharma, Prashant Katiyar, Santosh Kumar Karn, Manoj Kumar Sarangi, Ankit Kumar Chauhan, Gaurav Verma and Nitin Baliyan
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:5
  10. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a major role in blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis. The wide distribution and multifunctional properties of ACE suggest it’s involvement in vario...

    Authors: Xue-min Yang, Jian-ping Liang, Xiao-juan Huang, Xiang-rong Wang, Yang Sun, Chen Dong, Ya-li Cui and Wen-li Hui
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:2
  11. Gastric cancer metastasis is a highly fatal disease with a five-year survival rate of less than 5%. One major obstacle in studying gastric cancer metastasis is the lack of faithful models available. The cancer...

    Authors: Wonyoung Kang, Leigh Maher, Michael Michaud, Seong-Woo Bae, Seongyeong Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Seock-Ah Im, Han-Kwang Yang and Charles Lee
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:1

    The Correction to this article has been published in Biological Procedures Online 2021 23:9

  12. Ocriplasmin (Jetrea) is using for the treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. This enzyme undergoes rapid inactivation and limited activity duration as a result of its autolytic nature after injection...

    Authors: Roghayyeh Baghban, Safar Farajnia, Younes Ghasemi, Reyhaneh Hoseinpoor, Azam Safary, Mojtaba Mortazavi and Nosratollah Zarghami
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:25
  13. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Somayeh Jolany vangah, Camellia Katalani, Hannah A. Boone, Abbas Hajizade, Adna Sijercic and Gholamreza Ahmadian
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:24

    The original article was published in Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:22

  14. DNA repair pathways, cell cycle arrest checkpoints, and cell death induction are present in cells to process DNA damage and prevent genomic instability caused by various extrinsic and intrinsic ionizing factor...

    Authors: Fatemeh Sadeghi, Marzieh Asgari, Mojdeh Matloubi, Maral Ranjbar, Nahid Karkhaneh Yousefi, Tahereh Azari and Majid Zaki-Dizaji
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:23
  15. Interest in CRISPR technology, an instrumental component of prokaryotic adaptive immunity which enables prokaryotes to detect any foreign DNA and then destroy it, has gained popularity among members of the sci...

    Authors: Somayeh Jolany vangah, Camellia Katalani, Hannah A. Boone, Abbas Hajizade, Adna Sijercic and Gholamreza Ahmadian
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:22

    The Correction to this article has been published in Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:24

  16. Currently there are no effective anti-viral drugs for SARS-CoV-2, so the primary line of defense is to detect infected cases as soon as possible. The high rate of contagion for this virus and the highly nonspe...

    Authors: Elena Ekrami, Mahdi Pouresmaieli, Fatemeh Barati, Sahar Asghari, Farzad Ramezani Ziarani, Parvin Shariati and Matin Mamoudifard
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:21
  17. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is among the most crucial factors in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, which can cause back pain, lower extremity pain, cauda equina syndrome and neurogenic claudication....

    Authors: Cheng-Li Lin, Yi-Ting Kuo, Che-Hao Tsao, Yan-Jye Shyong, Shu-Hsien Shih and Ting-Yuan Tu
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:20
  18. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or (2019-nCoV) with unknown origin spread in Hubei province of China. The epidemic disease caused by SA...

    Authors: Hanie Esakandari, Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi, Javad Fakkari-Afjadi, Navid Farahmandian, Seyed-Mohsen Miresmaeili and Elham Bahreini
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:19
  19. Improper regulation of apoptosis has been postulated as one of the main factors that contributes to the etiology and/or progression of several prevalent diseases, including ischemic stroke and neurodegenerativ...

    Authors: Gemma Serrano-Heras, Inmaculada Díaz-Maroto, Beatriz Castro-Robles, Blanca Carrión, Ana B. Perona-Moratalla, Julia Gracia, Sandra Arteaga, Francisco Hernández-Fernández, Jorge García-García, Oscar Ayo-Martín and Tomás Segura
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:17
  20. We analyzed the bacterial communities of the nasopharynx in 40 SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected patients. All infected patients had a mild COVID-19 disease. We did not find statistically significant differen...

    Authors: Flavio De Maio, Brunella Posteraro, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Paola Cattani, Antonio Gasbarrini and Maurizio Sanguinetti
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:18
  21. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) that was emerged as a new member of coronaviruses since December 2019 in Wuhan, China an...

    Authors: Reza Zolfaghari Emameh, Hassan Nosrati, Mahyar Eftekhari, Reza Falak and Majid Khoshmirsafa
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:16
  22. COVID-19 disease with a high rate of contagious and highly nonspecific symptoms, is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild ...

    Authors: Fatemeh Barati, Mahdi Pouresmaieli, Elena Ekrami, Sahar Asghari, Farzad Ramezani Ziarani and Matin Mamoudifard
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:15
  23. The generation of point mutations is a major tool for evaluating the roles of specific nucleotides or amino acids within the regulatory or functional landscape. However, examination of these mutations in vivo ...

    Authors: Tgst Levi, Anna Sloutskin, Rachel Kalifa, Tamar Juven-Gershon and Offer Gerlitz
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:14
  24. Three-dimensional imaging modalities for optically dense connective tissues such as tendons are limited and typically have a single imaging methodological endpoint. Here, we have developed a bimodal procedure ...

    Authors: Neil Marr, Mark Hopkinson, Andrew P. Hibbert, Andrew A. Pitsillides and Chavaunne T. Thorpe
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:13
  25. Circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its associated proteins are of great interest in the early detection of many diseases. However, there is no gold standard for plasma sEVs isolation, especial...

    Authors: Rui Wei, Libo Zhao, Guanyi Kong, Xiang Liu, Shengtao Zhu, Shutian Zhang and Li Min
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:12
  26. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears with common symptoms including fever, dry cough, and fatigue, as well as some less common s...

    Authors: Reza Zolfaghari Emameh, Reza Falak and Elham Bahreini
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:11
  27. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a universal novel class of eukaryotic non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules and are becoming a new research hotspot in RNA biology. They form a covalent loop without 5′ cap ...

    Authors: Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz, Qamar Taban, Mashooq Ahmad Dar, Shabir Mir, Zulfkar ul Haq, Sajad Majeed Zargar, Riaz Ahmad Shah and Syed Mudasir Ahmad
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:10
  28. The BioBrick construction as an approach in synthetic biology provides the ability to assemble various gene fragments. To date, different BioBrick strategies have been exploited for assembly and cloning of a v...

    Authors: Amin Tavassoli, Safoura Soleymani, Alireza Haghparast, Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar, Mohammad Reza Bassami and Hesam Dehghani
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:9
  29. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging zoonotic viral infection, which was started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and transmitted to other countries worldwide as a pandemic outbreak. Iran is one...

    Authors: Reza Zolfaghari Emameh, Hassan Nosrati and Ramezan Ali Taheri
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:8
  30. The human Caco-2 cell line is a common in vitro model of the intestinal epithelial barrier. As the intestine is a major interface in cholesterol turnover and represents a non-biliary pathway for cholesterol ex...

    Authors: Verena Hiebl, Daniel Schachner, Angela Ladurner, Elke H. Heiss, Herbert Stangl and Verena M. Dirsch
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:7
  31. Serine hydrolases (SHs) are a functionally diverse family of enzymes playing pivotal roles in health and disease and have emerged as important therapeutic targets in many clinical conditions. Activity-based pr...

    Authors: Niina Aaltonen, Prosanta K. Singha, Hermina Jakupović, Thomas Wirth, Haritha Samaranayake, Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen, Kirsi Rilla, Markku Varjosalo, Laura E. Edgington-Mitchell, Paulina Kasperkiewicz, Marcin Drag, Sara Kälvälä, Eemeli Moisio, Juha R. Savinainen and Jarmo T. Laitinen
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:6
  32. The toxicity and side effects caused by adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) after radical surgery for lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) lead to early termination frequently. This study was conducted to provide an objective ba...

    Authors: Qin Wang, Lijing Jiao, Shengfei Wang, Peiqi Chen, Ling Bi, Di Zhou, Jialin Yao, Jiaqi Li, Liyu Wang, Zhiwei Chen, Yingjie Jia, Ziwen Zhang, Weisheng Shen, Weirong Zhu, Jianfang Xu, Yong Gao…
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:5
  33. Cell invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical step in tumor metastasis. To study cell invasion in vitro, the internal microenvironment can be simulated via the application of 3D models.

    Authors: Hui Liu, Tao Lu, Gert-Jan Kremers, Ann L. B. Seynhaeve and Timo L. M. ten Hagen
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:3
  34. A large number of studies have suggested a correlation between the status of telomeres and disease risk. High-throughput quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (HT Q-FISH) is a highly accurate telomer...

    Authors: Nuria de Pedro, María Díez, Irene García, Jorge García, Lissette Otero, Luis Fernández, Beatriz García, Rut González, Sara Rincón, Diego Pérez, Estefanía Rodríguez, Enrique Segovia and Pilar Najarro
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:2
  35. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including hyaluronic acid (HA), dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are essential components of the bone and cartilage tissues. CS isolated from the cartilage tissue o...

    Authors: Nawras Talmoudi, Noureddine Ghariani and Saloua Sadok
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2020 22:1
  36. Liver injury associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a frequent and severe complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and remains a major cause of transplant-related mortality. ...

    Authors: Lukun Zhou, Shuang Liu, Zhao Wang, Jianfeng Yao, Wenbin Cao, Shulian Chen, Wenjun Xie, Shuqing Feng, Yuanfu Xu, Tao Cheng, Mingzhe Han and Sizhou Feng
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:24
  37. Lysine post-translational modifications are important regulators of protein function. Proteomic and biochemical approaches have resulted in identification of several lysine modifications, including acetylation...

    Authors: Yun Wei, Wan-Jie Yang, Qi-Jun Wang, Peng-Cheng Lin, Jian-Yuan Zhao, Wei Xu, Shi-Min Zhao and Xia-Di He
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:23
  38. IRE1α-mediated unconventional splicing of XBP1 is emerging as a biomarker in several disease states and is indicative of activation of the unfolded protein response sensor IRE1. Splicing of XBP1 mRNA results in t...

    Authors: Stuart Creedican, Aaron Talty, Stephen P. Fitzgerald, Afshin Samali, Ciarán Richardson, Adrienne M. Gorman and Kenneth Martin
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:22
  39. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds more than half of the world’s population. Ratooning rice is an economical alternative to the second seasonal rice, thus increasing the yield of ratooning rice is highly important.

    Authors: Qing Liu, Yi Su, Yunhua Zhu, Keqin Peng, Bin Hong, Ruozhong Wang, Mahmoud Gaballah and Langtao Xiao
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:21
  40. Mammalian gonadal development is crucial for fertility. Sexual differentiation, meiosis and gametogenesis are critical events in the process of gonadal development. Abnormalities in any of these events may cau...

    Authors: Jian Wang, Geng G. Tian, Zhuxia Zheng, Bo Li, Qinghe Xing and Ji Wu
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:20
  41. Biofilms are communities of aggregated, matrix-embedded microbial cells showing a high tolerance to an in principle adequate antibiotic therapy, often resulting in treatment failure. A major challenge in the m...

    Authors: Lara Thieme, Anita Hartung, Kristina Tramm, Mareike Klinger-Strobel, Klaus D. Jandt, Oliwia Makarewicz and Mathias W. Pletz
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:18
  42. The presence of residual DNA carried by biological products in the body may lead to an increased oncogenicity, infectivity, and immunomodulatory risk. Therefore, current agencies including WHO, EU, and the FDA...

    Authors: Weifeng Zheng, Lin Jiang, Qing Lei, Jun Yang, Xuefeng Gao, Wanru Wang, Yanli Zhang, Tao Kong, Qiaoli Chen and Gang Li
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:17
  43. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with important post-transcriptional regulatory functions. To reveal the function of miRNAs in vivo, the critical step is to change their expression levels in the ...

    Authors: Wei Wang, Xinran Wang, Xuemei Li, Qian Pu, Chengyi Luo, Lili Xu, Xinyue Peng and Shiping Liu
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:16
  44. Couples who carry α-thalassemia-1 deletion are at 25% risk of having a fetus with hemoglobin Bart’s hydrops fetalis. Southeast Asian deletion (−-(SEA)) is the most common type of α-thalassemia 1 among Southeas...

    Authors: Supansa Pata, Matawee Pongpaiboon, Witida Laopajon, Thongperm Munkongdee, Kittiphong Paiboonsukwong, Sakorn Pornpresert, Suthat Fucharoen and Watchara Kasinrerk
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:15
  45. Salinity as a most significant environmental challenges affects the growth and productivity of plants worldwide. In this study, the ionic and iso-osmotic effects of salt stress were investigated in Aeluropus litt...

    Authors: Farzaneh Fatemi, Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemi-petroudi, Ghorbanali Nematzadeh, Hossein Askari and Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:14
  46. For analysis of the tumor microenvironment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tissue samples, it is desirable to obtain information about counts and distribution of different macrophage subtypes. Until n...

    Authors: Marcus Wagner, René Hänsel, Sarah Reinke, Julia Richter, Michael Altenbuchinger, Ulf-Dietrich Braumann, Rainer Spang, Markus Löffler and Wolfram Klapper
    Citation: Biological Procedures Online 2019 21:13

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