Fig. 6

AMSC-Exo-342 ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation by targeting TLR9 to promote autophagy. Notes: After LPS exposure, HK-2 cells were given AMSC-Exo-342 or transfected with pcDNA3.1-TLR9 or si-TLR9 followed by incubation with AMSC-Exo-342. Immunofluorescence staining method was used to detect the fluorescence intensity of LC3 in LPS-induced HK-2 cells (A), and TEM to observe the number of autophagosomes (B). The protein expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/LC3-I (D), p62 (E), and Beclin-1 (F) were measured by western blot (C). Then, the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (G), IL-1β (H), IL-6 (I), and MCP-1 (J) in the supernatant of LPS-induced HK-2 cells were inspected by ELISA; N = 3. ^* P < 0.05, compared to the LPS + AMSC-Exo-342 + pcDNA3.1 or LPS + AMSC-Exo-342 + si-NC group; ^** P < 0.01, compared to the LPS group; AMSCs, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Exo, exosome; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TEM, transmission electron microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test was used for post hoc analysis. Data were generated from three independent experiments