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Table 4 The radiosensitivity level of breast cancer patients, BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and breast cancer patients with radiotherapy complication, using H2AX, P53bp biomarkers

From: Molecular contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to genome instability in breast cancer patients: review of radiosensitivity assays

Reference

Marker

Sample size

Cell type

Dose

Result

Chua et al. 2014 [168]

γH2AX/53BP1

1. BC cases (16)

Lymphocyte

4 Gy

Spontaneous RS

2. Healthy controls (8)

X-rays

BC cases ↔ Healthy controls

Residual RS (24h post-radiation)

BC cases > Healthy controls

Djuzenova et al. 2013 [169]

γH2AX

1. BC cases (57)

PBMC

0.5 Gy & 2 Gy

Spontaneous RS

2. Healthy controls (12)

X-rays

BC cases ↔ Healthy controls

Initial RS (0.5 Gy, 30min post-radiation)

BC cases > Healthy controls

Residual RS (2 Gy, 24h post-radiation)

BC cases > Healthy controls

Djuzenova et al. 2013 [169]

53BP1

1. BC cases (57)

PBMC

0.5 Gy & 2 Gy

Spontaneous RS

2. Healthy controls (12)

X-rays

BC cases ↔ Healthy controls

Initial RS (0.5 Gy, 30min post-radiation)

BC cases ↔ Healthy controls

Residual (2 Gy, 24h post-radiation)

BC > Healthy controls

BRCA1 mutation carriers

Kotsopoulos et al. 2007 [13]

γ -H2AX

1. Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers

Lymphocyte

2 Gy

Spontaneous RS

2. Non-carrier controls (25)

γ-rays

Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers ↔ Non-carrier controls

RS after radiation

Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers ↔ Non-carrier controls

Radiotherapy complications

Chua et al. 2014 [168]

γH2AX/53BP1

1. BC cases with minimal late complication (8)

Lymphocyte

4 Gy

Spontaneous RS

X-rays

Marked late complication ↔ Minimal late complication

2. BC cases with marked late complication (8)

Residual RS (24h post-radiation)

Marked late complication > Minimal late complication

Djuzenova et al. 2013 [169]

H2AX

1. BC cases with adverse acute skin reaction (6)

PBMC

0.5 Gy & 2 Gy

Spontaneous RS

X-rays

Adverse acute skin reaction ↔ Normal skin reaction

2. BC cases with normal skin reaction (31)

Initial RS (0.5 Gy, 30min)

Adverse acute skin reaction > Normal skin reaction

Residual RS (2 Gy, 24h post-radiation)

Adverse acute skin reaction > Normal skin reaction

Finnon et al. 2012 [143]

H2AX

1. BC cases with marked adverse reaction (31)

Lymphocyte

4 Gy

Residual RS (6 h & 24h post-radiation)

X-rays

Marked adverse reaction ↔

2. BC cases with mild late adverse reaction (28)

Mild late adverse reaction

Chua et al. 2011 [170]

γH2AX/53BP1

1. BC cases with severely marked reaction (7)

Lymphocyte

0.5 and 4 Gy

Initial RS (0.5 Gy, 30min post-radiation)

X-rays

Severely marked reaction ↔ Minimal skin reaction

2. BC cases with minimal skin reaction (7)

Residual RS (4 Gy, 24h post-radiation)

Severely marked reaction > Minimal skin reaction

  1. RS radiosensitivity, BC breast cancer, PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cell, W/O without, Gr gray
  2. ↔: no significant differences at the radiosensitivity level, >: significant higher level of radiosensitivity