Table 1 The radiosensitivity level of breast cancer patients, BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and breast cancer patients with radiotherapy complication, using micronucleus assay
Reference | Marker | Sample size | Cell type | Radiation dose | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer | |||||
 Francies et al. 2019 [132] | G2 MN assay | 1. BC cases (34) A. TNBC (17) B. Luminal (17) 2. Healthy controls (17) | Lymphocyte | 2 and 4 Gy X-rays | Spontaneous RS TNBC ↔ Healthy controls Luminal ↔ Healthy controls RS after radiation 2-Gy X-rays TNBC ↔ Healthy controls Luminal ↔ Healthy controls 4-Gy X-rays TNBC ↔ Healthy controls Luminal > Healthy controls |
 Francies et al. 2019 [132] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases (83) A. TNBC (17) B. Luminal (66) 2. Healthy controls (90) | Lymphocyte | 2 and 4 Gy X-rays | Spontaneous RS BC cases > Healthy controls TNBC > Healthy controls Luminal > Healthy controls RS after radiation 2-Gy X-rays BC cases > Healthy controls TNBC ↔ Healthy controls Luminal > Healthy controls 4-Gy X-rays BC cases > Healthy controls TNBC ↔ Healthy controls Luminal > Healthy controls |
 Lou et al. 2008 [133] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases (25) 2. Healthy controls (25) | Lymphocyte | 3-Gy X-rays | Spontaneous RS BC case > Healthy controls RS after radiation BC case > Healthy controls |
 Djuzenova et al. 2006 [12] | G2 MN assay | 1. BC cases (50) 2. Healthy controls (16) | PBMC | 1, 2, 3 and 4 Gy X-rays | Spontaneous RS BC cases ↔ Healthy controls Slope of MN induction BC cases ↔ Healthy controls |
 Varga et al (2007) [11] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases (91) 2. Healthy controls (96) | Lymphocyte | 2 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS BC cases > Healthy controls RS after radiation BC cases > Healthy controls |
 Mozdarani et al. 2005 [5] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases (50) 2. Healthy controls (40) | Lymphocyte | 3 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS BC cases > Healthy controls RS after radiation BC cases > Healthy controls |
 Ban et al. 2004 [10] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases (130) 2. Healthy controls (48). | Lymphocyte | 2 Gy X-rays | Spontaneous RS BC cases > Healthy controls RS after radiation BC cases > Healthy controls |
 Barber et al. (2000) [134] | G2 MN assay | 1. BC cases (11) 2. First degree relative of BC cases (22) 2. Healthy controls (68) | Lymphocyte | 3.5 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS BC cases > Healthy controls Relative of BC cases > Healthy controls |
 Scott et al. 1999 [135] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases (130) 2. Healthy controls (68) | Lymphocyte | 3.5 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS BC cases ↔ Healthy controls RS after radiation BC cases > Healthy controls |
 Scott et al. 1998 [136] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases (39) 2. Healthy controls (42) | Lymphocyte | HDR 3.5 Gy γ-rays (dose rate 1.0 Gy min-1) LDR 3.5 Gy γ-rays (dose rate 0.15 Gy min-1) | Spontaneous RS BC cases > Healthy controls HDR RS after radiation BC cases > Healthy controls LDR RS after radiation BC cases > Healthy controls |
BRCA1/2 mutation | |||||
 Baert et al. 2017 [137] | G2 MN assay | 1. Healthy BRCA2 mutation carriers (18) 2. Non-carrier subjects from BRCA1/2 families (17) 3. Healthy controls W/O family history of BC (18) | Lymphocyte | 2 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS No difference across all groups RS after radiation Healthy BRCA2 mutation carrier > Healthy controls Healthy BRCA2 mutation carrier ↔ Non-carrier subjects from BRCA1/2 families |
 Baert et al. 2016 [130] | G2 MN assay | 1. Healthy BRCA1 mutations carriers (18) 2. Healthy controls W/O family history of BC (20) | Lymphocyte | 2 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers ↔ Healthy controls RS after radiation Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers > Healthy controls |
 Gutierrez-Enriquez et al. 2011 [138] | G2 MN assay | 1. 21 BRCA1 carriers (12 BC and 9 Healthy) 2. 24 BRCA2 carriers (13 BC and 11 Healthy) 3. Familial BC cases W/O BRCA1/2 mutation (15) 4. 16 healthy controls W/O familial history of BC (5 BC and 11 Healthy) | Lymphocyte | Mitomycin C | RS after radiation BRCA1 carriers ↔ Healthy controls BRCA2 carriers > Healthy controls BRCA2 carriers > BRCA1 carriers |
 Kotsopoulos et al. 2007 [13] | G2 MN assay | 1. Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers (25) 2. Non-carrier subjects from BRCA1 families (25) | Lymphocyte | 2 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers ↔ Non-carrier subjects RS after radiation Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers ↔ Non-carrier subjects |
 Varga et al (2007) [11] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases (85) 2. BC cases with BRCA1 mutation (6) 3. Healthy controls (96) | Lymphocyte | 2 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS BC with BRCA1 mutation ↔ Healthy controls RS after radiation BC with BRCA1 mutation > Healthy controls |
 Baeyens et al (2002) [139] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases with BRCA1/2 mutation (20) A. BRCA1(11) B. BRCA2 (9) 2. Healthy relative with BRCA mutation (12) A. BRCA1 (6) B. BRCA2 (6) 3. Healthy relative W/O BRCA mutation (10) A. of BRCA1 (5) B. of BRCA2 (5) 4. BC cases W/O BRCA mutation (78) 5. Healthy controls (58) | Lymphocyte | HDR 2 Gy γ-rays and 3.5 Gy γ-rays (dose rate 1.0 Gy min-1) LDR 3.5 Gy γ-rays (dose rate 4 mGy min-1) | Spontaneous RS BC cases > Healthy controls BC with BRCA1/2 mutation ↔ BC W/O BRCA1/2 mutation Healthy relative with and W/O BRCA1/2 mutation ↔ Healthy controls HDR & LDR RS after radiation BC with BRCA1/2 mutation > Healthy controls BC with BRCA1/2 mutation ↔ BC W/O BRCA1/2 mutation Healthy relative with BRCA1/2 mutation ↔ Healthy relative W/O BRCA1/2 mutation ↔ Healthy controls |
 Trenz et al (2003) [140] | G2 MN assay | 1. Healthy BRCA1 mutation carrier (13) 2. Healthy controls W/O familial history of cancer (13) | Lymphocyte | 2 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers ↔ Healthy controls RS after radiation Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers > Healthy controls |
 Trenz et al (2002) [141] | G2 MN assay | 1. Healthy BRCA1 mutation carrier (10) 2. Healthy BRCA2 mutation carrier (9) 3. Healthy controls W/O familial history of cancer (14) | Lymphocyte | 2 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers ↔ BRCA2 mutation carriers RS after radiation Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers ↔ BRCA2 mutation carriers Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers > Healthy controls Healthy BRCA2 mutation carriers > Healthy controls |
 Rothfus et al. (2000) [142] | G2 MN assay | 1. Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers (12) 2. Non-carrier subjects from BRCA1 families (10) 3. Healthy controls W/O history of cancer (17) | Lymphocyte | 2 Gy γ-rays | RS after radiation Healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers> Non-carrier subjects from BRCA1 families Non-carrier subjects from BRCA1 families ↔ Healthy controls |
Radiotherapy complications | |||||
 Finnon et al. 2012 [143] | G0 MN assay | 1. BC cases with ASR (31) 2. BC cases with mild late adverse reaction (28) | PBMC | 3.5 Gy X-rays | RS after radiation Marked reaction ↔ Mild late adverse reaction |
 Djuzenova et al. 2006 [12] | G2 MN assay | 1. BC cases with ASR (9) 2. BC cases (50) 3. Healthy controls (16) | PBMC | 1, 2, 3 and 4 Gy X-rays | Spontaneous RS BC with ASR > Healthy controls BC with ASR > BC cases Slope of MN induction BC with ASR > Healthy controls BC with ASR > BC cases |
 Taghavi-Dehaghani et al. 2005 [144] | G0 MN assay | BC cases with early reactions (15) BC cases with late reactions (11) | Lymphocyte | 4 Gy γ-rays | Spontaneous RS Early reactions ↔ Late reactions RS after radiation Early reactions > Late reactions |
 Barber et al. 2000 [134] | G0 MN assay | HDR ASR before radiotherapy (116) Late reactions, 8-14 years after radiotherapy (47) LDR ASR before radiotherapy (73) Late reactions, 8-14 years after radiotherapy (26) | Lymphocyte | HDR 3.5 Gy γ-rays (dose rate 1.0 Gy min-1) LDR 3.5 Gy γ-rays (dose rate 0.15 Gy min-1) | HDR RS after radiation Acute reactions before radiotherapy ↔ 8-14 years after radiotherapy LDR RS after radiation Acute reactions before radiotherapy ↔ 8-14 years after radiotherapy |