Fig. 1

The effect of ionic and osmotic stresses on FW of A.littoralis in liquid MS culture medium. (a) Control culture medium, (b and c) culture media containing 200 and 400 mM NaCl, respectively, (d and e) culture media containing 200 and 400 mM KCl, respectively, (f and g), culture media supplemented with PEG 6000 preparing − 0.9 and − 1.4 MPa osmotic pressures, respectively