Methylated DNA/RNA in Body Fluids as Biomarkers for Lung Cancer

Table 3 Methylation of DNA from liquid biopsy as biomarkers for lung cancer prognosis and prediction

DNA methylation	Body fluid	Method	Number of cases	Number of controls	Main findings	References
SHOX2	plasma	qMSP	36	-	negative impact on survival	[87]
RARB2/RASSF1A	plasma	qMSP	26	-	Reduced after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery;	[78]
RARB2	plasma	qMSP	26	-	increased before recurrence	[78]
RASSF1A/APC	plasma	qMSP	316	-	Elevated after chemotherapy; correlated with good response to cisplatin	[89]
DCLK1	plasma	qMSP	65	95	negative impact on survival	[17]
BRMS1	plasma	qMSP	122	24	negative impact on survival	[86]
SOX17	plasma	qMSP	122	24	negative impact on survival	[45]
SFN	serum	qMSP	115	-	positive impact on survival with platinum-based chemotherapy	[88]
CHFR	serum	qMSP	366	-	negative impact on survival with second-line EGFR-TKIs, compared to chemotherapy	[90]
smoCpGs	Whole blood	HM450K	60	1505	predict LC mortality (HR7.82)	[110]
APC/RASSF1A/CDH13/CDKN2A	Plasma	MSP	45	-	negative impact on PFS and OS	[31]

qMSP quantitative methylation-specific PCR, HM450K HumanMethylation450K BeadChip Assay, LC lung cancer, PFS progression free survival, OS overall survival, SHOX2 short stature homebox 2, RARβ2 retinoic acid receptor B2, RASSF1A ras association domain family 1 isoform A, APC adenomatous polyposis coli, DCLK1 doublecortin like kinase 1, BRMS1 breast cancer metastasis suppressor-1, SOX17 (sex determining region Y)-box 17, SFN stratifin, CHFR checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains, smoCpGs smoking-associated CpGs, caCpGs Lung cancer-related CpGs, CDH13 cadherin 13, CDKN2A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A

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