Methylated DNA/RNA in Body Fluids as Biomarkers for Lung Cancer

Table 1 Single DNA methylation from liquid biopsy as Biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis

DNA methylation	Body fluid	Method	Number of cases	Number of controls	Sensitivity (%)/specificity (%) or main findings	References
SHOX2	plasma	qMSP	222	189	60/90	[76]
SHOX2	plasma	qMSP	38	31	80.65/78.57	[46]
DCLK1	plasma	qMSP	65	95	49.2/91.6	[17]
SEPT9	plasma	qMSP	75	100	44.3/92.3	[106]
IEAA	blood	HM450K	43	1986	one unit increase in IEAA was associated with 50% higher risk for LC	[107]
RARβ2	plasma	MSP	52	26	63/51	[50]
RARβ2	csbDNA	MSP	52	26	70/63	[50]
DLEC1	plasma	MSP	78	50	36/98	[85]
CDH1	serum	qMSP	76	30	62/70	[79]
DCC	serum	qMSP	76	30	35.5/100	[79]
CDH13	plasma	MSP	63	36	33/83	[108]
P16	serum	MSP	22	0	14%	[81]
	plasma	F-MSP	35	15	40/100	[82]
	plasma	modified semi-nested MSP	105	0	73%	[83]
	Plasma	F-MSP	30	30	50%	[57]
	EBC	F-MSP	30	30	40%	[57]
DAPK	serum	MSP	22	0	18%	[81]
DAPK	serum	NA	50	0	40%	[80]
GSTP1	serum	MSP	22	0	5%	[81]
MGMT	serum	MSP	22	0	18%	[81]
TMS1	serum	NA	50	0	34%	[80]
RASSFS1A	serum	NA	50	0	34%	[80]
RASSFS1A	blood cell	NA	NA	NA	positive with LC diagnosis.	[75]
APC	Serum/plasma	MSP	89	50	47%	[84]
LINE-1	csbDNA	MIRA	56	44	AUC0.69	[49]
LINE-1	Buffy coat DNA	PCR pyrosequencing	34	360	Hypomethylation is associated with 3.2-fold higher risk for LC	[51]
p53	peripheral lymphocyte DNA	HpaII quantitative PCR	100	-	Hypomethylation was associated with a 2-fold increased risk for LC	[52]

qMSP quantitative methylation-specific PCR, F-MSP fluorescent methylation-specific PCR, HM450K HumanMethylation450K BeadChip Assay, MSP methylation-specific PCR, MIRA methylated CpG island recovery assay, LC lung cancer, SHOX2 short stature homebox 2, DCLK1 doublecortin like kinase 1, SEPT9 septin9, IEAA intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, RARβ2 retinoic acid receptor B2, DLEC1 Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1, CDH1 cadherin 1, DCC DCC netrin 1 receptor, CDH13 cadherin 13, DAPK death-associated protein kinase, GSTP1 glutathione S-transferase P1, MGMT O6 - methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase, RASSF1A ras association domain family 1 isoform A, APC adenomatous polyposis coli, p16 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, csbDNA cell-surface-bound circulating DNA, EBC exhaled breath condensate, NA not available

ISSN: 1480-9222