Fig. 14
Left panel. Representative 20 × magnification microscopy images of top layer of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained histological sections of distal (upper panel) or proximal (bottom panel) left-side BEFAF segments 5 days post-surgery where both flaps were subjected to 4 h of PI, 2 h (right flap) or 6 h (left flap) REP1 and 4 h of SI (AVO). The D segment of left-flap failed which was confirmed by the dominance of acellular devitalized regions. The P segment of left-flap appeared healthy but showed a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells above the Panniculus carnosus layer. H&E stain: blue/dark purple – nuclei; pink – cytoplasm; magenta – collagen. Scale bar = 200 µm. Right panel. Representative 40 × magnification microscopy images of top layer of Masson’s Trichrome (MT)-stained histological section of middle right-side BEFAF segment 5 days post-surgery where both flaps were subjected to 4 h PI, 2 h REP1 and 4 h of SI, namely, AO (right flap, upper panel) or VO (left flap, bottom panel). At this magnification, the researcher can evaluate the integrity and health status of epidermis, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration into the upper layers of the skin. Scale bar = 100 µm