Figure 4

Chitosan membranes stained with Alizarin Red Stain for comparison of homogeneous and in-homogenous membrane casting. A) Is an image of a homogeneously distributed chitosan membrane prepared from crab shell chitosan with 87% degree of deacetylation. B) Is an image of an in-homogeneously distributed chitosan membrane prepared from modified crab shell chitosan with 87% degree of deacetylation. A spiral-like distribution of the membrane can be observed. C) Is an image of an in-homogeneously distributed chitosan membrane prepared from N-lauroyl chitosan derivatives with a degree of substitution of 0.05%.